데비안 VS 레드햇리눅스의 베스트 리눅스 배포판 전쟁?

*코딩시큐리티 원문주소 

https://codingsec.net/2016/06/debian-vs-redhat-linux-war/

Fedora: Cutting Edge Technology Implementation on systems

페도라: 첨단기술 구현

RedHat and Debian Server technologies

레드햇 데비안: 서버 테크놀로지용

Ubuntu: one of the Introductory distro for Newbies and Noobs

우분투: 초심자용

Kali and Backtrack: Penetration Testing, security etc

칼리는 모의침투

Well this article aims to compare RedHat (Fedora, CentOS) and Debian (Ubuntu) . RedHat is one of the commercial Linux Distribution, which is most widely used on a number of datacenters, servers, among the world. Fedora is the testing laboratory of RedHat which is well known for its bleeding edge technology implemented, which is released every six months.

Here the question is when there are hundreds of Linux distribution available for free of charge (in either sense, open-source and economic), why would someone invest hundreds of dollars in buying a Linux Distribution when it is free, making RedHat so much successful. Well the answer is RedHat is very stable.

누가 공짜인 리눅스를 사는데 수백만달러를 투자를 할까? 

레드햇을 사는 이유는 안정성때문

The life cycle is of about 10 years and after all there is someone to be blamed if something doesn’t work, the corporate culture.

CentOS is another distwhich is RedHat’s minus Non-Free packages. CentOs is a stable dist hence latest version of all package is pushed into its RPM tool after testing, the focus remains on stability of dist.

CentOS는 레드햇에서 유료패키지만 뺀거

Debian on the other sense is a Linux distribution which is much stable and contains very large number of packets into its repository. Any other distribution that comes close to Debian at this point is Gentoo.

데비안은 안정성 및 매우 많은 패키지수를 보유

root@localhost:/home/avi# apt-cache stats

Total package names: 37544 (751 k)

Total package structures: 37544 (1,802 k)

You see packs more than 37.5K! Everything you need is present in the repository on itself. 

The package manager Apt is too smart to resolve all of it’s dependency problem itself. It is very rare a Debian user required to download and install dependency manual way. Debian is built with a number of packages in manager which makes package management a walk in the park.

레드햇이 안정성때문에 RPM 패키지 수를 3,000으로 유지한다면 데비안은 37,500개 이상의 deb 패키지를 보유한다. apt 툴은 매우 스마트해서 데비안 사용자가 의존성 매뉴얼을 찾아보는건 매우 드물다.

참고로 지금 데비안 패키지는 약 51,000개 수준 

Ubuntu which is a Linux distribution for newbies. A newbie Linux user is suggested to start with Ubuntu in most of the Linux forum present. Ubuntu maintains a simple and UI interface, which gives a feeling of Windows like Operating System to a new user.

우분투는 초심자및 입문자용이다.

심플하지만 그래픽UI가 윈도OS 필이 난다

Debian is the base of Ubuntu, but their repository varied. Ubuntu contains newer updated packs and is still stable. In-fact Ubuntu is highly appreciated by noobs as well as advanced users.

데비안이 모체지만 레포지터리는 다르게 간다.

초심자및 입문자에게 적합하다

Taking the above description into the next stage by presenting them in a point-wise fashion for better understanding and reference, here we go.

1. RedHat is Most Widely used Distribution for data servers.

Debian is widely used Distribution in servers next to RedHat.

데이터 서버용은 레드햇, 데비안순으로 많이 쓴다.

2. RedHat is Commercial Linux Dist.

Debian is Non-commercial Linux Dist.

레드햇은 유료, 데비안 무료 배포판

3. RedHat contains roughly 3000 packs.

Latest Debian Release (Wheezy) contains well over 38000 packs.

레드햇 패키지는 안정성을위해 패키지 3,000개 수준 데비안 8은 38,000개가 넘는다

It means Debian contains at most 80% more packages than RedHat and this is the reason Debian contains packs like openoffice, Transmission bittorrent client, mp3 codecs, etc which a RedHat like distribution lacked and is required to be installed manually or from 3rd party repo.

Openoffice, 비트토렌트, mp3코덱 같은 패키지를 포함한다

레드햇은 서드퍼티 래포지터리에서 수동설치해야한다

4. RedHat bug squashing takes considerable time, since it is controlled by a small group of people-RedHat Employees.

Bug fixing in Debian is very much fast as people all around the globe from Debian community, work from different geographical locations simultaneously fixes them.

레드햇리눅스는 소수 그룹의 레드햇 직원들이 버그 처리해서 시간이 상당히 걸린다

데비안은 커뮤니티에서 처리해서 버그픽스가 빠르다

5. RedHat don’t release package update, till next release, means you have to wait for the next release be it minor fix.

Debian community believes – software is a continuous evolution process, hence updates are released on Everyday.

레드햇은 다음 릴리스까지 패키지업데이트를 하지않는다. 마이너버전 픽스까지 기다려야한다.

데비안은 매일 릴리스및 업데이트한다

6. RedHat releases major updates every six months and nothing in mean time. Installing new updates in RedHat based System is a tuff task, where you need to reinstall every package.

Installing the Debian updates being released everyday is a pretty easy task barely 3-4 clicks to update.

레드햇은 6개월마다 메이저 업데이트 릴리스를 한다. 

새 업데이트 설치는 성가신 작업이다

데비안은 3~4번 클릭으로 간단하다.

7. RedHat is greatsolid stable distribution released after continuous tests in stability.

Debian contains packs from stable, unstable and testing REPOS. Stable contains good solid stable release packages. Unstable contains more frequently updated packages ready to be pushed into stable release. Testing contains packages already tested and counted safe.

래드햇은 끊임없는 안정성 테스트를 해서 안정판을 낸다면 데비안은 세개의 저장소가 있다

안정, 불안정, 테스팅 

서버 운영자는 안전성 저장소만 이용하면된다

불안정 저장소는 안정 패키지 저장소로 옮겨지기전 자주 업데이트되는 곳이다.

8. RedHat package manager Yum is less knowing and is not able to solve dependencies automatically, many a times.

Debian package manager Apt is very mature and solve dependency automatically, most of the time.

레드햇 yum 패키지 매니저는 의존성 문제 해결에 데비안 apt매니저에 비해 매우 떨어진다.

Apt는 이제 무르익었다.

9. Installing VLC in RedHat Beta Release 6.1, is a very tuff task which requires installing 10’s of packages manually.

In Debian it is as simple as apt-get install vlc*

Vlc 설치하는데 레드햇 6.1은 10개 패키지를 수동설치해야한다 (경험상 ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel 툴을 말하는듯)

데비안은 apt-get install vlc* 한줄로 끝!

10. Debian is intelligent in differentiating Configuration files with other files. This makes upgradation easy. The virgin (untouched) configuration files are updated automatically and the one modified, requires users interaction as the package manager ask what to do, but this is not the case withRedHat.

데비안은 설정 파일 세팅에 자동화가 잘 되어있어

업그레이드가 쉽다

11. RedHat uses the rpm packages.

Debian uses the deb packages.

12. RedHat uses the RPM package manager.

Debian uses the dpkg package manager.

13. RedHat uses the yum dependency resolver.

Debian uses the apt-get dependency resolver.

레드햇은 rpm 패키지 매니저, yum 의존성 해결툴을 쓰고 데비안은 dpkg 패키지매니저랑 apt 의존성 해결툴을 쓴다

14. Fedora uses single global repository which contains free software’s only.

Debian contains contribute and Non-free repository along with free software repository

15. According to Wikipedia, Ubuntu is a based on the unstable branch of Debian but Fedora is not a derivative and has a more direct relationship and stays close to many upstream projects.

위키에 따르면 우분투는 데비안 불안정 브랜치를 제이스로 한다.

16. Fedora uses ‘su‘ whereas Ubuntu uses ‘sudo‘ by default.

레드햇 페도라 계열은 su 명령

데비안 우분투 계열은 sudo 를 쓰는 차이가 있다.

17. Fedora ships with SELinux installed and enabled by default along with some other ‘hardening’ software to make things more secure by default, unlike Debian.

페도라는 SElinux를 적용해 디폴트 설정보다 보안을 강화하는 하드닝 기능이 있다. (물론 관리자는 머리에 쥐가 난다)

18. Debian is a community based distribution, unlike RedHat.

19. Security is one of the most important issue for both RedHat and Debian.

20. Fedora, CentOs, Oracle Linux are among those distribution developed around RedHat Linux and is a variant of RedHat Linux.

Ubuntu, Kali, etc are few of the variant of Debian. Debian truly is a mother distribution of a number of Linux Distro.

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